Well, you know my very good friend Steve dared me to start some trouble this week, so I was foolish enough to take him up on it
whataprettyworld, could you please present some evidence to back up your statements, because my psychologist said that anxiety can only cause small nerve twitching like eye twitching and the like, not the entire peripheral nervous system twitching, cramping, exercise intolerance and fatigue, etc. that many of us have. I had a lot of anxiety when I originally developed peripheral nerve hyperexciteability. I was a disastrous wreck of a girl. Anxiety beyond what I thought humanly possible.
However, now I have no anxiety about my BFS symptoms and I still twitch and cramp even after being treated with correct medication finally by a neurologist. I'm not anxious about it anymore though because I know what it is. I have not found evidence that anxiety can cause all of the symptoms we have, though for many here they happen concurrently, at least at first. The studies just don't show that anxiety can cause these symptoms over a long term that I have found and some people have been twitching 20 + years. Have you found any studies that show how that occurs?
And Basso my dearest, loving, multitalented, philosophical friend, perhaps you were so busy speaking of love and life and chocolate and ladies and joy, that you missed my post on some scientific study of documented medical causes and treatments for conditions such as ours. Are they absolutely conclusive? No. Is here pretty good evidence for causes of BFS that are physiological in nature? Yes. But you knew that already I don't blame you for missing my previous post, and you're probably so busy enjoying life that you'll miss it again, but here it is in entirety again anywho just for kicks.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1996 Aug 10;140(32):1655-8.Links
[Muscle cramps and fasciculations not always ominous: muscle cramp-fasciculation syndrome]
[Article in Dutch]
Vos PE, Wokke JH.
Academisch Ziekenhuis, Afd. Neurologie, Utrecht.
In three patients, men of 43, 44 and 55 years old with muscle cramps, fasciculations and easy fatiguability of muscles, cramp-fasciculation syndrome was diagnosed. This is a benign disorder which has to be differentiated from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Response to treatment (benzodiazepines or carbamazepine) is good.
PMID: 8815407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Serrao M, Cardinali P, Rossi P, Parisi L, Tramutoli R, Pierelli F.
A case of myokymia-cramp syndrome successfully treated with gabapentin.
Acta Neurol Scand. 1998 Dec;98(6):458-60.
PMID: 9875627 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Brain, Vol. 125, No. 8, 1887-1895, August 2002
© 2002 Guarantors of Brain
Neurology. 1998 May;50(5):1483-5.Links
Antibodies to ion-channel proteins in thymoma with myasthenia, neuromyotonia, and peripheral neuropathy.
Heidenreich F, Vincent A.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
A patient presented with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis. After removal of a thymoma and use of cytotoxic therapy, there was worsening of myasthenia, onset of muscle stiffness and hyperexcitability, and electrophysiologic signs of peripheral neuropathy. Elevated serum titers of antibodies to neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels were present, consistent with neuromyotonia (Isaacs' syndrome). A beneficial response to treatment paralleled changes in antibody titers.
PMID: 9596015 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Muscle Nerve. 1994 Sep;17(9):1065-7.Links
Myokymia-cramp syndrome: evidence of hyperexcitable peripheral nerve.
Smith KK, Claussen G, Fesenmeier JT, Oh SJ.
Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294.
PMID: 8065395 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Neurology. 1991 Jul;41(7):1021-4.Links
Comment in:
Neurology. 1992 Feb;42(2):466.
Neurology. 1992 Sep;42(9):1846-7.
Cramp-fasciculation syndrome: a treatable hyperexcitable peripheral nerve disorder.
Tahmoush AJ, Alonso RJ, Tahmoush GP, Heiman-Patterson TD.
Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
We report nine patients with muscle aching, cramps, stiffness, exercise intolerance, and peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. Neurologic examination showed calf fasciculations in seven, quadriceps myokymia in two, and deltoid myokymia in one patient. Two patients had mild increase in serum creatine kinase. Muscle biopsy showed either no abnormality (three patients) or mild neurogenic changes (four patients). Fasciculations were the only abnormality on routine electrodiagnostic studies. Supramaximal stimulation of the median, ulnar, peroneal, and posterior tibial nerves at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 Hz produced showers of electrical potentials following the M response in at least one nerve. In three patients, the fasciculations and evoked electrical potentials were abolished by regional application of curare but not nerve block. Carbamazepine therapy caused moderate-to-marked reduction of symptoms and nerve hyperexcitability. We designate this hyperexcitable peripheral nerve disorder as the "cramp-fasciculation syndrome."
PMID: 1648679 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Johns Hopkins Med J. 1976 Dec;139 SUPPL:49-60.Links
Autonomous peripheral nerve activity causing generalized muscle stiffness and fasciculations: report of a case with physiological, pharmacological, and morphological observations.
Harik SI, Baraka AS, Tomeh GF, Mire-Salman J, Kronful Z, Afifi AK.
A 14-year-old boy with generalized muscle weakness, stiffness and fasciculations associated with profuse and continuous electromyographic (EMG) activity is described. The spontaneous mechanical and electrical muscle activity was unaffected by sleep, general anesthesia, or spinal anesthesia but was abolished by small doses of curare, succinyl-choline, and gallamine. Proximal and distal peripheral nerve block caused moderate and marked reduction of EMG activity, respectively, thus indicating that the disorder is due to autonomous peripheral nerve activity. The delayed motor nerve conduction velocities and the structural abnormalities seen in some of the myelin sheaths by light and electron microscopic studies on sural nerve biopsy preparations constitute further evidence that the peripheral nerve is the site of abnormality in this disorder. Diphenyl hydantoin and carbamazepine maintenance therapy produced adequate clinical relief.
PMID: 189112 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998 Feb;64(2):256-8. Links
Continuous muscle fibre activity: a case treated with acetazolamide.
Celebisoy N, Colakoglu Z, Akbaba Y, Yüceyar N.
Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
A case is reported of the continuous muscle fibre activity syndrome, which includes a group of disorders characterised by sustained motor unit activity due to hyperactivity of peripheral nerve motor axons. In this patient the muscle stiffness and myokymic movements were successfully treated with acetazolamide, which acts as a membrane stabiliser either by blockade of chloride and bicarbonate membrane transport or by producing kaliuresis and raising the transmembrane potential by decreasing extracellular potassium.
PMID: 9489543 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ann Neurol. 1997 Feb;41(2):238-46.Links
Autoantibodies detected to expressed K+ channels are implicated in neuromyotonia.
Hart IK, Waters C, Vincent A, Newland C, Beeson D, Pongs O, Morris C, Newsom-Davis J.
Neurosciences Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Antibody-mediated autoimmunity underlies a diverse range of disorders, particularly in the nervous system where the extracellular domains of ion channels and receptors are especially vulnerable targets. We present here a novel means of detecting autoantibodies where the genes of the suspected target proteins are known, and use it to detect specific autoantibodies in acquired neuromyotonia (Isaacs' syndrome), a disorder characterized by hyperexcitable motor nerves and sometimes by central abnormalities. We expressed different human brain voltage-gated potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes by injecting the relevant alpha-subunit complementary RNA, and detected antibody binding by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections. Antibodies were detected to one or more human brain voltage-gated potassium channel in 12 of 12 neuromyotonia patients and none of 18 control subjects. The results establish neuromyotonia as a new antibody-mediated channelopathy and indicate the investigative potential of this molecular immunohistochemical assay.
PMID: 9029073 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Muscle Nerve. 1997 Mar;20(3):299-305.3.0.CO;2-6" target=_blank3.0.CO;2-6" target=_blank
Antibodies to potassium channels of PC12 in serum of Isaacs' syndrome: Western blot and immunohistochemical studies.
Arimura K, Watanabe O, Kitajima I, Suehara M, Minato S, Sonoda Y, Higuchi I, Takenaga S, Maruyama I, Osame M.
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Sakuragaoka, Japan.
We investigated the pathophysiology of nerve hyperexcitability in a patient with Isaacs' syndrome, who had typical clinical and electromyographic features and responded to plasma exchange. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry studies showed that antibodies from this patient reacted with the lysate of a neuronal cell line (PC12). In Western blots, constituents of the patient's serum, particularly immunoglobulin M, reacted with proteins of approximately 50 and 18 kDa, whereas the control serum did not. A cross-linking study with alpha-dendrotoxin (7 kDa) showed a 57 kDa protein-peptide complex. Immunohistochemistry showed that the patient's serum reacted with PC12 cells and human intramuscular nerve axons. Our findings indicate that in Isaac's syndrome nerve hyperexcitability is the result of the immunological involvement of the voltage-dependent potassium channels located along the distal motor nerve or at the nerve terminal.
PMID: 9052808 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Phenotypic variants of autoimmune peripheral nerve hyperexcitability
Ian K. Hart1, Paul Maddison2, John Newsom-Davis2, Angela Vincent2 and Kerry R. Mills3
1 Neuroimmunology Group, University Department of Neurological Science, Walton Centre, Liverpool, 2 University Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, 3 Department of Neurophysiology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
Correspondence to: P. Maddison, Neurology Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK E-mail:
We found raised titres (=" src="/math/ge.gif" border=0100 pmol/l) of serum VGKC antibodies in 15 out of 39 (38%) of group A patients and five out of 18 (28%) of group B patients tested (Fig. 2)
Although overall only 35% of patients had raised VGKC antibody titres detected by the 125I--dendrotoxin immunoprecipitation assay, this is likely to be an underestimate. We have previously discussed the relative insensitivity of this assay compared with a molecular-immunohistochemical assay that detects serum binding to frozen sections of Xenopus oocytes injected beforehand with cRNA for an individual VGKC subunit (Hart et al., 1997).
This finding emphasizes that acquired nerve hyperexcitability is not a single disease process, but a response to peripheral nerve dysfunction or damage arising from several different causes
Dr I.Hart. Senior lecturer in Neurology.
The study title is. "Characterization of autoantibodies associated with peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH)".
This involves the study of the immune system in conditions causing muscle twitching and cramps. It is known that in many patients with PNH the cause is a problem with the immune system which, instead of protecting the body as it should do when functioning normally starts to produce antibodies that bind to parts of the nerve called potassium channels. This results in muscle overactivity causing twitching and cramps. The present tests however, only detect these antibodies in about 40% of patients. The aim of this study is to try to identify whether other, different antibodies can cause PNH and to analyse how these antibodies interfere with nerve function.
Muscle Nerve. 2007 Jul 18; [Epub ahead of print] Links
Interspike interval analysis in a patient with peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and potassium channel antibodies.
Kleine BU, Stegeman DF, Drost G, Zwarts MJ.
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Neuromyotonia or Isaacs' syndrome is a rare peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder caused by antibodies against potassium channels of myelinated axons. We present the high-density surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings of a patient with fasciculations and cramps due to neuromyotonia. To characterize the time course of hyperexcitability, we analyzed the interspike intervals (ISIs) between fasciculation potentials, doublet, and multiplet discharges. ISI duration increased within each burst. The ISI histograms found can be explained by the recovery cycle of the myelinated axon and its dependency on the slow potassium conductance. We conclude that ISI analysis is a useful tool to understand the membrane dynamics underlying abnormal motor unit activity. Muscle Nerve, 2007.
PMID: 17636480 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Neurology. 2005 Oct 25;65:1330-1. Links
Sensory symptoms in acquired neuromyotonia.
Herskovitz S, Song H, Cozien D, Scelsa SN.
Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
PMID: 16247076 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Child Neurol. 1999 Jan;14:41-3.Links
Autoimmune syndromes at the neuromuscular junction.
Newsom-Davis J.
University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
PMID: 10223852 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Newsom-Davis J.
Autoimmune neuromyotonia (Isaacs' syndrome): an antibody-mediated potassium channelopathy.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Dec 19;835:111-9. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 9616766 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]